Lern
Lern dhe sỳstem
Spelling followz bóth sawnd and dhe letterz a wurd òlredy haz. Dheez ixampelz aar patternz too recogneiz; euz dhe dicshonáry too check a particûlar wurd.
Móst consonants doo not chaynj at òll. Dhe wurk happenz in a smòll set ov pairz dhat tradishonal spelling leevz ambigûous, and in dhe màrks dhat keep a hàrd sawnd hàrd.
Familiar consonants
Stàrt widh dhe sawndz yoo òlredy now. Say eech wurd alawd, dhen nótis dhe letterz dhat cárry dhe sawnd.
b, bbDhe sawnd in bat
Tradishonal spelling
bat, rabbit
Inglish spelling
bat, rabbit
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/b/
d, ddDhe sawnd in dog
Tradishonal spelling
dog, add
Inglish spelling
dog, add
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/d/
f, ff, phDhe sawnd in fun
Tradishonal spelling
fun, offer, phone
Inglish spelling
fun, offer, phown
Dhe saym sawnd can bé riten widh f, ff, òr ph. Dhé original wurd helps ditermin wich letterz stay.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/f/
hDhe sawnd in hat
Tradishonal spelling
hat, ahead
Inglish spelling
hat, ahed
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd at dhe stàrt ov eech wurd.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/h/
k, c, ck, cqDhe sawnd in kit
Tradishonal spelling
kit, cat, back, acquire
Inglish spelling
kit, cat, back, acqueir
Dheez spellingz shayr dhe sawnd at dhe stàrt ov kit. Dhey keep a connecshon too dhé original letterz.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/k/
l, llDhe sawnd in lamp
Tradishonal spelling
lamp, ball
Inglish spelling
lamp, bòll
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/l/
m, mmDhe sawnd in man
Tradishonal spelling
man, summer
Inglish spelling
man, summer
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/m/
n, nnDhe sawnd in nó
Tradishonal spelling
no, dinner
Inglish spelling
nó, dinner
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/n/
p, ppDhe sawnd in pan
Tradishonal spelling
pan, happy
Inglish spelling
pan, happy
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/p/
r, rrDhe sawnd in run
Tradishonal spelling
run, berry
Inglish spelling
run, berry
Riten r stayz, inclueding in accents dhat dó not pronawns it after a vawel. Euz yoor own familiar pronunsiáshon.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/ɹ/
s, ssDhe sawnd in sun
Tradishonal spelling
sun, pass
Inglish spelling
sun, pass
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/s/
t, ttDhe sawnd in top
Tradishonal spelling
top, better
Inglish spelling
top, better
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/t/
v, vvDhe sawnd in van
Tradishonal spelling
van, savvy
Inglish spelling
van, savvy
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/v/
wDhe sawnd in win
Tradishonal spelling
win, wish
Inglish spelling
win, wish
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd at dhe stàrt ov eech wurd.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/w/
yDhe sawnd in yes
Tradishonal spelling
yes, yellow
Inglish spelling
yes, yellow
Heer y iz dhé ópening sawnd in yes. At dhé end ov happy it haz a vawel job insted; dhe vawel gheid showz dhat eus.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/j/
z, zzDhe sawnd in zip
Tradishonal spelling
zip, buzz
Inglish spelling
zip, buzz
Keep dhe familiar consonant sawnd. Doebeld letterz doo not ask yoo too hóld it lonǵer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/z/
Wen a màrk privents a misreeding
A smòll màrk can keep a familiar letter weil mayking dhé intendid reeding cleerer.
g, ǵTew reedingz ov g
Tradishonal spelling
go, get, gift, magic
Inglish spelling
gó, ǵet, ǵift, magic
Plain g haz dhe hàrd sawnd in gó. Bifowr e, i, òr y, it nòrmally haz dhe soft sawnd herd in magic. Dhe màrk in ǵet and ǵift keeps dheyr hàrd sawnd cleer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/g/; /dʒ/
c, ćTew reedingz ov c
Tradishonal spelling
cat, center, circuit
Inglish spelling
cat, center, cirćit
Plain c haz dhe sawnd ov k in cat, but dhe sawnd ov s bifowr e, i, òr y. Màrkt ć keeps dhe hàrd sawnd in cirćit.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/k/; /s/
ĥKeeping h seperayt
Tradishonal spelling
mishap, adhere, uphill
Inglish spelling
misĥap, adĥeer, upĥill
Dhe màrk sez too reed dhe h sepratly from dhe priceeding consonant. In misĥap, say dhé end ov miss and dhen dhe stàrt ov happy; doo not turn dhem intoo dhe sawnd in ship.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/h/
ng, nǵSing, sinǵer, and ángel
Tradishonal spelling
sing, singer, finger, angel
Inglish spelling
sing, sinǵer, finǵer, ángel
Dhe màrk on g privents dhe soft reeding herd in ángel. In sinǵer, keep dhé ending ov sing and add dhe next sỳllabel. Finǵer still haz its familiar hàrd g sawnd after dhe názal sawnd. Dhe màrk doez not tell yoo too add òr rimoov dhat sawnd in evry wurd.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/ŋ/; /ŋg/
Letterz wurking toǵedher
Reed dheez combináshonz az a pattern. Dhé original spelling helps diceid wich woen a wurd euziz.
th, dhTew ópening sawndz
Tradishonal spelling
thin, this, path, breathe
Inglish spelling
thin, dhis, path, breedh
Say thin, dhen dhis. In meny accents, dhe second ópening sawnd haz a buzz. Dhe spellingz th and dh show dhat diffrens.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/θ/; /ð/
shDhe sawnd in ship
Tradishonal spelling
ship, nation, special
Inglish spelling
ship, náshon, speshal
Dhe sawnd in ship òlsó appeerz in náshon and speshal. Dhe spelling mayks dhat shayrd sawnd eezier too see.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/ʃ/
zhDhe middel sawnd in vizhon
Tradishonal spelling
vision, measure
Inglish spelling
vizhon, mezhur
Say dhe middel sawnd ov vizhon. It iz dhe buzzing pàrtner ov dhe sawnd in ship.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/ʒ/
ch, tchDhe sawnd in church
Tradishonal spelling
church, match, nature
Inglish spelling
church, match, náchur
Keep dhe saym sawnd in church and match. Dhe spelling in náchur showz dhat sawnd too.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/tʃ/
j, dj, g, dgDhe sawnd in job
Tradishonal spelling
job, edge, magic, budget
Inglish spelling
job, edj, magic, budgit
Dheez wurdz shayr dhe sawnd in job. A soft g rimainz bifowr e, i, òr y; dj can keep dhe sawnd cleer at dhé end ov edj. Dhe g in budgit iz followd bý a vawel dhat òlredy mayks its soft reeding cleer.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/dʒ/
ghAnudher way too keep g hàrd
Tradishonal spelling
give, guest, guide, ghost
Inglish spelling
ghiv, ghest, gheid, ghóst
Reed gh widh dhe hàrd sawnd in gó, éven bifowr e, i, òr y. It iz a seprat tew-letter spelling, euzd in dheez wurd famileez. Compayr it widh kh bilow. It iz not dhe sílent combináshon fawnd in tradishonal night.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/g/
khKeeping dhe hàrd sawnd ov ch
Tradishonal spelling
chemical, stomach, anchor
Inglish spelling
khemical, stomakh, ankhor
Reed kh widh dhe sawnd in kit in dheez wurdz. Leik gh fòr dhe hàrd sawnd in gó, dhis pair keeps familiar letterz weil mayking dhe reeding cleer. It doez not hav dhe sawnd ov church.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/k/
qu, qWidh and widhawt dhe w sawnd
Tradishonal spelling
quick, quit, unique
Inglish spelling
quick, quit, ûneeq
Reed qu az dhe tew sawndz at dhe stàrt ov quick. A fínal q, az in ûneeq, haz dhe sawnd ov k widhawt an extra w.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/kw/; /k/
xWoen letter, a familiar pair ov sawndz
Tradishonal spelling
box, example
Inglish spelling
box, ixampel
In box, x sawndz leik k followd bý s. In ixampel it haz dhe voist pair, leik g followd bý z. Keep dhe familiar howl-wurd pronunsiáshon.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/ks/; /gz/
w, hw; kh, xhSawndz kept in soem accents
Tradishonal spelling
what, whale, loch
Inglish spelling
wot, wayl, lokh
Soem speekerz distinguish dhe brethy ópening ov wot from dhé ópening ov win. Dhe dicshonáry keeps hw òlternativz fòr dhat distincshon. Lokh òlsó haz an xh òlternativ fòr dhe throwt sawnd euzd bý soem speekerz. Dheez òlternativz doo not ask evrìwoen too chaynj dheyr accent.
Opshonal sawnd sỳmbolz
/ʍ/; /x/
Wý dhis addz up too less too rimember
Eech secshon aboev riplaysiz a list ov indivijual wurdz widh a ruel yoo can applý. Tradishonal spelling asks yoo too rimember dhat riceev and bileev sawnd aleik but aar riten diffrently. Heer dhey aar not, and dhe saym hóldz across evry pattern on dhis payj. Dhat iz dhe howl àrǵeument fòr dhe sỳstem in woen sentens: feuer thingz too memoreiz, mowr thingz too wurk awt.
Fòr dhe dìtaild explanáshonz
Dhe bouk ixplainz wý eech ov dheez choisiz woz mayd, widh dhe history bihínd it.